Smuggling

Glossary of Terms

Glossary of Smuggling Terms
Anker A measure of spirits, roughly 7.5 gallons; half anker 3.5 to 4 gallons
Bat A long wooden stave used as a weapon by smugglers
Boatsitter A chief boatmen in the Preventive Waterguard
Coast Blockade The preventive system in Kent and Sussex, 1817 to 1831
Coastguard (first called the Coast Guard) The national preventive service established under Capt W Bowles, appointed 1822
Coastwaiter The Customs officer responsible for vessels from home ports
Collector The head of the Customs personnel at each port
Comptroller The Collector's deputy at the larger ports
Cutter A single-masted vessel, rigged like a sloop but with a running bowsprit
Dragoon A mounted soldier
Exciseman An officer responsible for accessing and collecting Excise Duty
Flink Pistol Used to flask a signal; in appearance like a starting gun
Free Trader A smuggler
Galley A large open rowboat, typically propelled by up to twenty oars
Gauger An Exciseman responsible for measuring spirits and calculating duty
Geneva Gin, also known as Hollands
Hanger A sword
Jacobite A supporter of James II after his abdocation, or of his son
Landwaiter The Customs official who supervised the unloading of ships from foreign ports
Lugger A vessel with four-cornered sails, rigged fore-and-aft
Militia A military unit, sometimes a volunteer unit. Mainly established under Acts of 1757 to 1758, when men were chosen to serve by ballot, but substitutes were allowed
Owler Anyone smuggling wool out of England
Preventive Waterguard Preventive service established in 1809 covering the whole country in three districts; patrols by cutters and small preventive boats
Privateer A privately-owned armed vessel holding a government commission (Letters of Marque) to wage war on enemy ships
Riding Officer Officer in the Customs service appointed to patrol on horseback, initially to counter the owling trade
Run A successful landing of contraband
Safe House An inn or other building providing a recognised refuge for smugglers, usually with storage and stabling
Sloop or Shallop. A small single-masted, fore-and-aft rigged ship
Sowing a crop Sinking a raft of tubs in a marked position offshore
Spout lantern A signalling lantern made to send out a beam of light through a long spout attachment
Tap An unlicenced beer house
Tide Surveyor The Customs officer responsible for rummaging (searching) vessels anchored in port
Tub A wooden cask holding half anker of spirits (3.5 to 4 gallons); often ropes in pairs to be carried over the shoulder
Whig (originally) A member of the political party which supported the revolution of 1688; the party led by Robert Walpole